It’s B L O O D Y  I tell you…just B L O O D Y!

Arise patriotic citizens

The day of glory is at hand

The bloody banner of tyranny

Has been raised against us

In the fields, hear the shouting

Of the fearsome soldiers

Who are coming to cut your families’ throats

Citizens take up arms

Form your battalions

March, march

Spill the enemy’s blood

Over the land

What do this horde of slaves,

Traitors and conspiratorial kings want?

For whom have they wrought their vile iron chains?

Frenchmen this outrage is prepared for us!

What can we do to stop them in their plan

To return us to the slavery of an evil past?

What! These foreign cohorts

Would have themselves ruling out courts!

Sending their mercenary phalanxes

To murder our warrior sons

They would bring us, chained, to our knees

As they rule over us

Tremble, tyrants and traitors

Who bring dishonor to good men

Tremble, for you evil schemes

Will get their come-uppance

We are all France’s soldiers in the fight against you

Ready to man the breach should our young heroes fall

Frenchmen, as magnanimous warriors

Bear or hold back your blows

Spare these sad victims

That they regret taking up arms against us

But not these bloody despots

These accomplices of Bouille

All these tigers who pitilessly

Ripped out their mothers’ wombs

We shall follow our elders into the pit

Where we shall find their ashes and their epitaphs

We prefer to join them in death

Or to avenge them, rather than live in shame

Drive on patriots

Support our avenging arms

Join the struggle of those who defend

Liberty, cherished liberty

Let victory come to our banner

And let your triumph and our glory

Be the last sights of your dying enemies!

WATCH THIS:

Check out a few seconds

So one more time

Frederick William a.k.a. the Great Elector—————-FW – GREAT
Frederick I – first actual king of Prussia——————-F
Frederick William I – second king of Prussia————FW
Frederick II a.k.a the Great – third king of Prussia—F – GREAT

FW, F, FW, F with “Great”s on the outside, get it?

For those of you who are interested, here are the several English Civil War videos/songs we discussed in class last month.

Monty Python’s “Oliver Cromwell”

The Diggers Song
- This video includes three Diggers anthems
1. The March – 0:00-3:13
2. Stand Up Now 3:13-5 3:13-5:24
3. The World Turned Upside Down 5:24-8:04 (It’s ok…this version is too fast. The Billy Bragg version I played in class is MUCH better and more suited to singing along as you all know!)

The Pogues “Young Ned of the Hill” – I apologize to you Anglophiles out there, the video is clearly pro-Irish (as is the song)

Ok so that’s a bad joke.

Here’s the clip we didn’t have time for in class. It shows the climactic moment at the Diet of Worms where Luther is asked to recant but refuses. His defiant stand took on legendary status as news of it swept across Europe and it accelerated the pace of the continent-wide religious revolution.

You should watch the whole clip, but if you are somewhat impatient you can start at 2:24. The cardinal (in red with the triangular hat) addressing Luther is suppose to be Girolamo Aleandro, an Italian cardinal sent by Rome to head the opposition to Luther at Worms and advocate harsh repression of his ideas. The older man in the back is Frederick the Wise and the young royal looking figure is the recently appointed Charles V (REmember he’s ALSO Charles I of Spain…grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella…heir to all these vast territories across Europe?!!!)

Renaissance

Quiz 1

Quiz 2

Quiz 3

Commercial Revolution/Age of Exploration

Quiz 1

Quiz 2

Quiz 3

Constantinople was named after Constantine the Great, the Roman Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire.  Constantinople officially became Istanbul in 1930 with the establishment of a modern Turkish state; however, Turks had been using variations of the name “Istanbul” for centuries.  Many historians believe that the term Istanbul comes from the Greek phrase “εις την Πόλιν”  (is-tin-poli) which translates to “towards the City”.  Even today Greeks refuse to call Istanbul by its new name.  They call it Konstandinoupoli or simply “Η Πολη” (The City).

Warning: This song can be addictive.

Istanbul was Constantinople
Now it’s Istanbul, not Constantinople
Been a long time gone, Constantinople
Now it’s Turkish delight on a moonlit night

Every gal in Constantinople
Lives in Istanbul, not Constantinople
So if you’ve a date in Constantinople
She’ll be waiting in Istanbul

Even old New York was once New Amsterdam
Why they changed it I can’t say
People just liked it better that way

So take me back to Constantinople
No, you can’t go back to Constantinople
Been a long time gone, Constantinople
Why did Constantinople get the works?
That’s nobody’s business but the Turks

Istanbul (Istanbul)
Istanbul (Istanbul)

Even old New York was once New Amsterdam
Why they changed it I can’t say
People just liked it better that way

Istanbul was Constantinople
Now it’s Istanbul, not Constantinople
Been a long time gone, Constantinople
Why did Constantinople get the works?
That’s nobody’s business but the Turks

So take me back to Constantinople
No, you can’t go back to Constantinople
Been a long time gone, Constantinople
Why did Constantinople get the works?
That’s nobody’s business but the Turks

Istanbul

The Middle Ages
This first assessment while not vital to your success on the AP exam nevertheless covered the foundations of European history. Through the Palmer reading you should have picked up that historians of Western Civilization divided the historical record into three parts: ancient, middle, and modern times. The Dark Ages are a part of the Middle Ages as is the High Middle Ages.

Church and State?
Almost all of you correctly identified Caesoropapism as the belief that one ruler should have both political (Caesar) and spiritual (Papacy – Priest) power. St. Augustine argued against this and believed that spiritual and political power was separate and independent. While the West will slowly move towards separation of church and state, the Muslim world will continue to see their rulers are BOTH political and religious figures since the prophet Muhammad was both a political and religious figure. Jesus was not. By his own words “give unto Caesar what is Caesars”…”my kingdom is not of this world”…Jesus laid the foundations for separation of church and state.
The Donation of Constantine was a forged document that implied that Emperor Constantine gave the bishop of Rome (the Pope) full control of Rome.   It led to the growth of the Papacy.

Manorialism vs. Feudalism
You should also be aware of the difference between Manorialism and Feudalism. In the strictest sense, feudalism dealt with knights and nobility and what they owed each other (land in exchange for protection). Manorialism also symbolized a symbiotic relationship. This time between lords and their serfs (labor in exchange for protection).

The Medieval Economy
Far too many of you answered this incorrectly and it is imperative that you understand how the medieval economy operated so that you can see how it CHANGED as a result of the 15th century Commercial Revolution.

The spirit of the medieval economy was to PREVENT COMPETITION. Medieval society in general was about maintaining long established social norms and not “rocking the boat”. Today we see competition as good because it encourages innovation through the hope of making money. This was not valued in medieval society. It was seen as a SIN…GREED. As a result people frowned upon artisans who tried to get ahead in business. This is part of the reason why guilds emerged. All artisans who made a specific craft would join a guild. The artisans would establish a set price for their craft and restrict foreign trade. If a member of the guild tried to improve an item they would have to share that improvement with all other guild members so that no one artisan would have an economic advantage over his peers. Sounds very strange to our modern ears, doesn’t it?

The point of the resume is to show colleges how you have spent the past four years of your life. Are you an A+ student who has done nothing else but study for four years??? Well then you’re kind of boring. Are you a B+ student who has participated in extensive extracurriculars and helped babysit younger siblings??? Well, then that explains why you don’t have a 4.0. Are you an A+ student who also played three sports, held a job, and volunteered??? Well then you’re an excellent time manager and you’re in the running for admission to this nation’s top universities. Think of the resume as a personal ad. You are selling yourself, not with glitzy fonts or catchy slogans, but with your actions and achievements. In your resume, remember to use strong verbs when explaining key activities, but do not use I.

http://www.college-admissions-secrets.com/resume.php

http://resumeboutique.blogspot.com/2007/09/resumes-for-college-applications.html

http://acceptedtocollege.com/blog/application/20-tips-perfect-application-resume-1/

Always remember to give the colleges what they want.  Some might ask for a formal resume while others might ask you to fill out an activity chart that they give you.  Either way, having a resume already set up will make the process much easier. Furthermore, you will also want to give a resume to the individuals writing your recommendations.

1. How were the Medici able to make money on interest-free loans?
The two answers that I could find were:
a. Earning money on foreign currency exchange
b. Commission on currency conversions

While most sources listed these two facts, only one did a decent job of explaining how one actually earns money on foreign currency exchange for those of us who are economically challenged:

“But let us return to the vexing matter of how to make money out of money without charging interest. Briefly, it amounted to transforming the business of charging interest into that of currency exchange and of substituting distance for time. A merchant accepted florins from a bank to buy goods to ship, say, to London, a trip that, it was officially calculated, took 90 days. He then repaid the amount in pounds sterling in London after that period – which could not be extended or, as Parks puts it, “the whole thing would begin to look rather like a loan.” But profit there was because exchange rates favor the currency of the country that issues it. In other words, it took more pounds to replace those florins than if they had been repaid in florins. And I think we’ll leave it there, except to say that there was, as Parks notes, “a constant tension between what people said they were doing, what they knew they were really doing, and what they knew they were supposed not to be doing.”
“Rake in the Florins, the Medici Way” Katherine A. Powers May 4, 2008

This still confuses me somewhat, but the best analogy I can make for all of you is…let’s say I lend you some grapes to start up your wine business, obviously I’m not going to get those grapes back because you are going to use them to make wine. The most probable way that you will be able to pay me back is with your finished product, wine, which when returned to me will be worth far more than the original grapes I lent you.